The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford by Nick Cave and Warren Ellis is the official soundtrack album to the movie of the same name. Cave and Ellis composed all the music. According to the CD liner notes, Cave played piano, celesta and other keyboards, while Ellis played violin, viola, guitar and keyboards. Furthermore, some songs featured percussion, a small string ensemble and other instruments.

The album is the second film score collaboration between Cave and Ellis, after their work for the 2005 soundtrack to the film The Proposition. Cave and Ellis are bandmates in Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, with Cave a founding member from the band's 1983 formation and Ellis joining in 1997.