Dead Neanderthals is a two-person Dutch free-jazz band that has incorporated metal and grindcore. They have released several albums, many of which were based on improvisation, and have been called "one of Europe’s premier experimental free jazz duos."

The band is composed of two members: Otto Kokke on saxophone and synthesizer and René Aquarius on drums. After first collaborating online, they began improvising live, and have released several albums. The Quietus described their 2012 album Jazzhammer/Stormannsgalskap as a mighty "pounding headache of rampaging blastbeats, distorted foghorn drones and radioactive seagull squalls." Their fourth album Polaris was, in contrast, completely acoustic.