Peter Alexander Goehr (German: [ɡøːɐ̯]; 10 August 1932 – 25 August 2024) was a German-born English composer and academic.

Goehr was born in Berlin in 1932. He was the son of the conductor and composer Walter Goehr, who was himself a pupil of Arnold Schoenberg. The younger Goehr's emerged as a central figure in the Manchester School of post-war British composers in his early twentieth. In 1955–56 he joined Olivier Messiaen's masterclass in Paris. Although Goehr was considered a leader of the avant-garde in the early 1960s, his oblique attitude to modernism—and to any movement or school whatsoever—soon became evident. In a sequence of works including the Piano Trio (1966), the opera Arden Must Die (1966), the music-theatre piece Triptych (1968–70), the orchestral Metamorphosis/Dance (1974), and the String Quartet No. 3 (1975–76), Goehr's personal voice was revealed, arising from a highly individual use of the serial method and a fusion of elements from his double heritage of Schoenberg and Messiaen. He returned to a more traditional way of composing with Psalm IV in 1976.

He first lectured in the United States, at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston and Yale University, was professor of music at the University of Leeds from 1971 and at Cambridge University from 1976 to 1999.